What Is Glutathione?
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide composed of L-glutamic acid, L-cysteine, and glycine, linked by an unusual gamma-peptide bond between the glutamate gamma-carboxyl and the cysteine amine. This gamma linkage renders GSH resistant to most cellular peptidases, enabling high intracellular concentrations (typically 1-10 mM) that would otherwise be proteolytically depleted. The free thiol group on the cysteine residue is the chemically active site — it can directly scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), react with electrophilic xenobiotics, and reduce protein disulfide bonds.
GSH functions as the obligate cofactor for glutathione peroxidases (GPx1-8), which reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides to water and lipid alcohols respectively. It also drives glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mediated phase II biotransformation of electrophilic compounds. Cellular redox homeostasis is maintained by the GSH/GSSG (oxidised glutathione disulfide) ratio, which is regenerated by glutathione reductase using NADPH derived from the pentose phosphate pathway. Research models have utilised exogenous GSH to modulate oxidative stress, study nrf2/Keap1 pathway responses, and characterise antioxidant capacity in various cell types.
For copper-mediated extracellular antioxidant and repair research, see GHK-Cu (CU50 / CU10). For tissue repair and healing models, see BPC-157 (BC05 / BC10). For research use only.
Glutathione Products
Supplied as lyophilised powder in boxes of 10 research-grade vials.
Quality Assurance
Frequently Asked Questions
Where can I buy Glutathione in Australia?
Eternal Peptides Wholesale is an Australian-owned, ABN-registered wholesale distributor. GT15 (Glutathione 1500mg, box of 10) is $346.50. Every batch carries a Janoshik Analytical COA. Orders dispatched within 1-2 business days from Australia. For research use only.
What does GT15 mean — is it 15mg?
No — GT15 is the SKU code, not a dose indicator. Each vial contains 1500mg of reduced L-glutathione (γ-Glu-Cys-Gly). This is a high-concentration lyophilised preparation supplied in boxes of 10 vials for research purposes. For research use only.
What is the role of Glutathione in cellular redox homeostasis?
GSH is the primary intracellular non-protein thiol antioxidant. It directly scavenges ROS, serves as the reductant for glutathione peroxidases (GPx) catalysing H₂O₂ and lipid hydroperoxide reduction, and supports glutaredoxin-mediated protein de-glutathionylation. The GSH/GSSG ratio is a key indicator of cellular oxidative stress status. Glutathione reductase regenerates GSH from GSSG using NADPH, linking redox homeostasis to the pentose phosphate pathway. For research use only.
How does Glutathione differ from GHK-Cu?
Glutathione (GSH) is an intracellular thiol antioxidant operating primarily within cells to manage oxidative stress and support Phase II biotransformation. GHK-Cu is an extracellular copper-binding tripeptide that modulates gene expression, promotes wound healing, and stimulates collagen synthesis via extracellular matrix signalling. They operate through distinct mechanisms and are used in different research contexts. For research use only.